What is the function of the ailerons on an aircraft?

The function of the ailerons on an aircraft is indeed to control the roll of the aircraft by changing the lift generated on each wing. Ailerons are located on the trailing edge of the wings and operate in opposition to one another. When the pilot moves the control stick or yoke to the left or right, one aileron deflects upward, decreasing lift on that wing, while the opposite aileron deflects downward, increasing lift on the other wing. This differential lift causes the aircraft to roll in the desired direction.

Understanding the specific role of ailerons is key for pilots when maneuvering the aircraft, particularly during turns, as it allows for precise control over the aircraft's orientation. In contrast to other flight controls, such as the rudder, which manages yaw (side-to-side motion), or the elevator, which adjusts pitch (nose up or down), ailerons uniquely influence the roll axis of an aircraft. Therefore, recognizing the specific function of each control surface helps in mastering flight dynamics and overall aircraft operation.