Which component is primarily responsible for controlling the aircraft's roll?

The ailerons are the primary control surfaces for managing an aircraft's roll. They are located on the outer sections of the wings and operate by moving in opposite directions; when one aileron rises, the other descends. This action increases lift on one wing while reducing lift on the opposite wing, causing the aircraft to roll to the side of the descending aileron.

Roll control is crucial during turns and for maintaining level flight in various maneuvering situations. The other components, like the elevators and rudder, play significant roles in pitch and yaw control, respectively. Elevators adjust the aircraft's nose up or down, while the rudder helps control the side-to-side movement of the nose. Flaps, on the other hand, are primarily used to increase lift during takeoff and landing but do not contribute to roll control. Thus, ailerons are specifically designated for managing roll, making them the correct answer in this context.